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美國MAC電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)磁(ci)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)工業設備，是(shi)用(yong)來控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)體的(de)(de)自動化基礎元件(jian)，屬于(yu)執(zhi)行器，并不限于(yu)液壓、氣動。用(yong)在工業控(kong)制(zhi)系統中調整介質(zhi)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)、流(liu)量(liang)、速(su)度(du)和(he)其他(ta)的(de)(de)參數。MAC電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)可(ke)以配合不同的(de)(de)電(dian)路(lu)來實(shi)現(xian)預期的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，而(er)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)精度(du)和(he)靈活性(xing)都(dou)能(neng)夠保(bao)證。MAC電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)有很(hen)多(duo)種，不同的(de)(de)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)在控(kong)制(zhi)系統的(de)(de)不同位(wei)置(zhi)發揮(hui)作用(yong)，zui常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)單(dan)向(xiang)閥(fa)、安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)、方向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)、速(su)度(du)調節閥(fa)等。
1.MAC電(dian)磁閥從原理上分(fen)為三大類：
1）直動式(shi)MAC電(dian)磁閥(fa)：原理：通(tong)電(dian)時，電(dian)磁線(xian)圈產生電(dian)磁力把關(guan)(guan)閉件從閥(fa)座上提起，閥(fa)門(men)打開；斷電(dian)時，電(dian)磁力消失，彈簧把關(guan)(guan)閉件壓在閥(fa)座上，閥(fa)門(men)關(guan)(guan)閉。特點：在真空、負壓、零壓時能正常工作，但通(tong)徑(jing)一般(ban)不(bu)超過25mm。
2）分步(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)MAC電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)：原理： 它是(shi)一種(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)和先(xian)導(dao)式(shi)相(xiang)結(jie)合的原理，當入口(kou)與(yu)出口(kou)沒有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)時(shi)，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)直(zhi)(zhi)接把先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)關(guan)閉件依次向上提起，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)打(da)開(kai)。當入口(kou)與(yu)出口(kou)達到啟動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)時(shi)，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)下(xia)腔壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)上升(sheng)，上腔壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)降，從(cong)而(er)利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)把主閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)向上推(tui)開(kai)；斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)彈簧力(li)或(huo)介(jie)質壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)閉件，向下(xia)移動(dong)(dong)，使閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)關(guan)閉。特點： 在零壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)或(huo)真空、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)亦能可*動(dong)(dong)作，但(dan)功(gong)率較大，要求(qiu)必須(xu)水平(ping)安裝。
3）先(xian)導(dao)式MAC電磁閥(fa)(fa)：原理：通(tong)電時，電磁力把(ba)先(xian)導(dao)孔打(da)開，上腔(qiang)室(shi)壓力迅速下降，在(zai)關(guan) MAC電磁閥(fa)(fa)
閉件(jian)周圍(wei)形成上(shang)低(di)下(xia)(xia)高(gao)的壓(ya)差(cha)，流(liu)(liu)體壓(ya)力推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉件(jian)向(xiang)上(shang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，閥門打(da)開；斷電時，彈簧力把先(xian)導(dao)孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)閉，入口壓(ya)力通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅速腔(qiang)室在(zai)關(guan)(guan)閥件(jian)周圍(wei)形成下(xia)(xia)低(di)上(shang)高(gao)的壓(ya)差(cha)，流(liu)(liu)體壓(ya)力推動(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉件(jian)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，關(guan)(guan)閉閥門。特點： 流(liu)(liu)體壓(ya)力范圍(wei)上(shang)限較高(gao)，可任意安裝(zhuang)（需定(ding)制）但(dan)必須(xu)滿足流(liu)(liu)體壓(ya)差(cha)條件(jian)。2.MAC電磁閥從閥結構(gou)(gou)(gou)和材料上(shang)的不(bu)同與原(yuan)理上(shang)的區別，分(fen)為六個分(fen)支小(xiao)類：直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜(mo)片結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜(mo)片結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先(xian)導(dao)膜(mo)片結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞結構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先(xian)導(dao)活(huo)(huo)塞結構(gou)(gou)(gou)。
MAC電磁(ci)閥在選型(xing)時(shi)的(de)注意事項
一(yi)：適用性管(guan)路中(zhong)的流(liu)(liu)(liu)體必(bi)須和(he)選(xuan)用的MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)系列型號中(zhong)標定的介質*。流(liu)(liu)(liu)體的溫度(du)必(bi)須小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)選(xuan)用MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的標定溫度(du)。MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)允許(xu)(xu)液體粘度(du)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)20CST以下，大于(yu)(yu)20CST應(ying)注明。工(gong)作壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)，管(guan)路zui高壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)在(zai)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0.04MPa時應(ying)選(xuan)用如ZS,2W,ZQDF,ZCM系列等直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)和(he)分步直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)；zui低工(gong)作壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)大于(yu)(yu)0.04MPa時可選(xuan)用先導式(shi)（壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)式(shi)）MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)；zui高工(gong)作壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)應(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的zui大標定壓(ya)力；一(yi)般(ban)MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)都是(shi)單向工(gong)作，因(yin)此要(yao)注意(yi)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)反(fan)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)，如有(you)安裝(zhuang)止回閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)體清(qing)潔(jie)度(du)不(bu)高時應(ying)在(zai)MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前安裝(zhuang)過濾(lv)器(qi)，一(yi)般(ban)MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對介質要(yao)求清(qing)潔(jie)度(du)要(yao)好。注意(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量孔徑(jing)和(he)接管(guan)口徑(jing)；MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)般(ban)只有(you)開關兩(liang)位控制；條件允許(xu)(xu)請安裝(zhuang)旁(pang)路管(guan)，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)維修(xiu)；有(you)水(shui)錘現象時要(yao)定制MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的開閉(bi)時間(jian)調(diao)節。注意(yi)環境溫度(du)對MAC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)消(xiao)耗功(gong)率應(ying)根據(ju)輸出容量選(xuan)取(qu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)般(ban)允許(xu)(xu)±10%左右，必(bi)須注意(yi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)起動(dong)(dong)時VA值(zhi)較高。
二、可靠性 MAC電磁閥(fa)
MAC電磁閥(fa)分為常(chang)閉(bi)和(he)常(chang)開(kai)二種；一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用常(chang)閉(bi)型(xing)，通電打開(kai)，斷電關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)；但(dan)在(zai)開(kai)啟時(shi)間(jian)很(hen)(hen)(hen)長關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)時(shi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)短(duan)時(shi)要選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用常(chang)開(kai)型(xing)了。壽命試(shi)驗，工廠一(yi)(yi)般屬于型(xing)式試(shi)驗項(xiang)目，確切地說我國還沒有MAC電磁閥(fa)的(de)專業標準，因此選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用MAC電磁閥(fa)廠家(jia)時(shi)慎重。動(dong)作時(shi)間(jian)很(hen)(hen)(hen)短(duan)頻(pin)率(lv)較高時(shi)一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)取直動(dong)式，大口徑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用快速系列(lie)。
三、安(an)全(quan)性(xing)一般MAC電(dian)磁閥(fa)不(bu)防水，在條件不(bu)允(yun)許時請選(xuan)用防水型，工廠可以定(ding)做。MAC電(dian)磁閥(fa)的zui高標定(ding)公(gong)稱壓力一定(ding)要(yao)超過管路內的zui高壓力，否則使用壽命(ming)會縮短或(huo)產(chan)生(sheng)其它意外情況。有腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)液體的應選(xuan)用全(quan)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)型，強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)流體宜選(xuan)用塑(su)料(liao)王(wang)（ MAC電(dian)磁閥(fa)
SLF）MAC電(dian)磁(ci)閥。爆炸(zha)性環境必須選用相應(ying)的(de)防爆產品(pin)。
四、經濟性(xing)有很多(duo)MAC電磁閥(fa)可以通用(yong)，但在能滿(man)足以上三點(dian)的(de)基礎上應(ying)選用(yong)的(de)產品(pin)。
美國MAC手動閥按驅動方式(shi)分：
(1) 自動(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)指不需要外力驅動(dong)(dong)，而(er)是(shi)依(yi)靠介質自身的(de)能(neng)量來(lai)使閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門動(dong)(dong)作的(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門。如安(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、減壓閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、疏水閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、止(zhi)回閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、自動(dong)(dong)調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。
(2) 動(dong)力(li)驅動(dong)閥：動(dong)力(li)驅動(dong)閥可以利用各種動(dong)力(li)源(yuan)進行驅動(dong)。
電動閥：借助電力(li)驅動的閥門(men)。
氣(qi)動閥：借助壓縮空氣(qi)驅動的閥門(men)。
液(ye)動(dong)閥：借助(zhu)油(you)等液(ye)體(ti)壓力驅動(dong)的(de)閥門。
此外還有以上(shang)幾種驅動(dong)方式的(de)組合，如氣-電動(dong)閥等。
(3) 手(shou)動(dong)閥：可(ke)(ke)在(zai)手(shou)輪和(he)閥桿(gan)之間設置此(ci)輪或蝸輪減(jian)速(su)器。必要時，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以利(li)用萬(wan)向接頭及傳動(dong)軸(zhou)進行遠距離(li)操作。
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